3. Configure Hyper-V 3.2 Create and configure virtual machine storage

3.2.1 create VHDs and VHDX
VHD: original hyper-v image file. Max of 2TB in size.
VHDX: only supported by Windows 8 and 2012. up to 64 TB in size.

fixed: size is pre-allocated on disk
dynamic: can expand as it grows.
differencing: a "snapshot-like" type where a second child drive is created to hold changes and so the parent
                   is never written to
First disk is considered a "virtual IDE" drive. Others can be "virtual IDE" or "virtual SCSI"

Create a Virtual Disk while creating a new VM:
If you use Hyper-V manager from 2012, or windows 8, while creating a new VM, on the Connect Virtual Hard Disk menu. This will only allow you to create a dynamic VHDX, not a VHD.

Create a virtual disk from "New virtual hard disk" option.
 Right click server, "New-> hard disk",
Choose VHD or VHDX, choose fixed, dynamic, or differencing,
Specify name and location
Configure the disk with a fixed/max size(value only accepts a minimum of 1GB, max depends on format), or
              copy from a physical driver or another VHD/VHDX.

Create a virtual disk using powershell
This is the only way to specify the block size and logical sector size.

the extension you specify for the filename determines whether it's a VHD or VHDX.
new-vhd -path 'c:\vhd-store\newserver.vhd' -fixed | -dynamic | -differencing -sizebytes 100GB -sourcedisk


3.2.2 configure differencing drives
1. Create a baseline VM and finish all your installs for it.
2. sysprep /generalize the image.
3. delete the VM but keep the parent VHD/VHDX. Set it to read-only just in case.
4. Create a child differencing disk and point it to the parent.
5. Create a VM and attach the child disk

differencing:
new-vhd -path 'c:\vhd-store\newserver.vhd' -differencing -parentpath 'c:\vhd-store\newserverparent.vhd'

3.2.3 modify VHDs
1. Right click server, Edit disk.
2. browse to the location of the vhd or vhdx
3. Choose an option:
    Compact: compacts the size of the virtual disk
    Convert: Copies the contents to a new VHD. You can switch between VHD and VHDX.
    Expand: increases the capacity of the virtual disk.
    Shrink(only available if there is free space in the file): reduce capacity of disk by deleting free space.
    Merge(only available with differencing): combine child differencing disk with it's parent to form single disk.

As outlined in 1.3.5 you can mount a VHD/VHDX in disk management and access it's contents.

powershell:
optimize-vhd (compact)
convert-vhd
resize-vhd (expand)
resize-vhd (shrink)
merge-vhd

3.2.4 configure pass-through disks
a pass-through disk is a virtual disk points at a physical drive. the drive must be taken offline before it's available in the VM's settings: add a hard drive to a controller, select physical hard disk.

Powershell:
use -disknumber to point at the offline physical disk to attach
add-vmharddiskdrive -vmname Server -controllertype SCSI -controllernumber 0 -disknumber 2

3.2.5 manage snapshots
create a new snapshot by rightclick the VM and selecting snapshot. This creates a AVHD or AVHDX file in the snapshots folder.

Snapshots are managed in Snapshot pane. You have the following options:
Settings - read-only except name and notes
Apply -copies that snapshots data into the VM, deleting anything that's changed since.
Revert -  revert to the last snapshot in the tree before "Now" state.
Rename
Delete - delete a single snapshot. If there is a child then it will merge with parent on next power off.
Delete snapshot subtree - deletes snapshot and every snapshot under it.

Powershell:

Create snapshot:
checkpoint-vm -name VMserver -snapshotname 'Snapshot 1'

Apply snapshot - 
restore-vmsnapshot -name 'Snapshot 1' -VMname VMserver

Delete snapshot -
remove-vmsnapshot -name 'Snapshot 1' -VMname VMserver

Other commands: get-vmsnapshot, export-vmsnapshot, rename-vmsnapshot

3.2.6 implement a virtual Fibre Channel adapter 

virtual fibre channel is a pass-through for a physical fibre channel HBA. The HBA drivers must support virtual fibre channel and address it's resources with LUNs.

Create a virtual SAN using Virtual SAN Manager
Right click hyper-v server choose Virtual San Manager.
New Fibre Channel San. The WWNN and WWPN of the HBA should show up. Apply.
Now settings of a VM, you can Add Hardware - Fibre Channel adapter.

powershell:
new-vmsan -name 'FC SAN' -worldwidenodename -worldwideportname
add-vmfibrechannelhba -vmname VMserver -sanname 'FC SAN'